> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://docs2.openclaw.ai/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Pairing

"Pairing" is OpenClaw's explicit access approval step.
It is used in two places:

1. **DM pairing** (who is allowed to talk to the bot)
2. **Node pairing** (which devices/nodes are allowed to join the gateway network)

Security context: [Security](/gateway/security)

## 1) DM pairing (inbound chat access)

When a channel is configured with DM policy `pairing`, unknown senders get a short code and their message is **not processed** until you approve.

Default DM policies are documented in: [Security](/gateway/security)

`dmPolicy: "open"` is public only when the effective DM allowlist includes `"*"`.
Setup and validation require that wildcard for public-open configs. If existing
state contains `open` with concrete `allowFrom` entries, runtime still admits
only those senders, and pairing-store approvals do not widen `open` access.

Pairing codes:

* 8 characters, uppercase, no ambiguous chars (`0O1I`).
* **Expire after 1 hour**. The bot only sends the pairing message when a new request is created (roughly once per hour per sender).
* Pending DM pairing requests are capped at **3 per channel account**; additional requests are ignored until one expires or is approved.

### Approve a sender

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"min-light","dark":"min-dark"}}
openclaw pairing list telegram
openclaw pairing approve telegram <CODE>
```

Add `--notify` to the approve command to tell the requester on the same channel. Multi-account channels take `--account <id>`.

If no command owner is configured yet, approving a DM pairing code also bootstraps
`commands.ownerAllowFrom` to the approved sender, such as `telegram:123456789`.
That gives first-time setups an explicit owner for privileged commands and exec
approval prompts. After an owner exists, later pairing approvals only grant DM
access; they do not add more owners.

Supported channels (any installed channel plugin that declares pairing; external plugins such as `openclaw-weixin` can add more): `discord`, `feishu`, `googlechat`, `imessage`, `irc`, `line`, `matrix`, `mattermost`, `msteams`, `nextcloud-talk`, `nostr`, `signal`, `slack`, `sms`, `synology-chat`, `telegram`, `twitch`, `whatsapp`, `zalo`, `zalouser`.

### Reusable sender groups

Use top-level `accessGroups` when the same trusted sender set should apply to
multiple message channels or to both DM and group allowlists.

Static groups use `type: "message.senders"` and are referenced with
`accessGroup:<name>` from channel allowlists:

```json5 theme={"theme":{"light":"min-light","dark":"min-dark"}}
{
  accessGroups: {
    operators: {
      type: "message.senders",
      members: {
        discord: ["discord:123456789012345678"],
        telegram: ["987654321"],
        whatsapp: ["+15551234567"],
      },
    },
  },
  channels: {
    telegram: { dmPolicy: "allowlist", allowFrom: ["accessGroup:operators"] },
    whatsapp: { groupPolicy: "allowlist", groupAllowFrom: ["accessGroup:operators"] },
  },
}
```

Access groups are documented in detail here: [Access groups](/channels/access-groups)

### Where the state lives

Stored under `~/.openclaw/credentials/`:

* Pending requests: `<channel>-pairing.json`
* Approved allowlist store: `<channel>-<accountId>-allowFrom.json` (approvals for the
  default account use `<channel>-default-allowFrom.json`)

Account scoping behavior:

* Non-default accounts read/write only their scoped allowlist file.
* The default account also keeps honoring a legacy unscoped `<channel>-allowFrom.json`
  file from older installs; entries from both files are merged on read.

Treat these as sensitive (they gate access to your assistant).

<Note>
  The pairing allowlist store is for DM access. Group authorization is separate.
  Approving a DM pairing code does not automatically allow that sender to run group
  commands or control the bot in groups. First-owner bootstrap is separate config
  state in `commands.ownerAllowFrom`, and group chat delivery still follows the
  channel's group allowlists (for example `groupAllowFrom`, `groups`, or per-group
  or per-topic overrides depending on the channel).
</Note>

## 2) Node device pairing (iOS/Android/macOS/headless nodes)

Nodes connect to the Gateway as **devices** with `role: node`. The Gateway
creates a device pairing request that must be approved.

### Pair from the Control UI (recommended)

Use an already connected Control UI session with `operator.admin` access:

1. Open the Control UI and select **Nodes**.
2. In **Devices**, click **Pair mobile device**.
3. On your phone, open the OpenClaw app → **Settings** → **Gateway**.
4. Scan the QR code or paste the setup code, then connect.

Official OpenClaw iOS and Android apps are approved automatically when their
setup-code metadata matches. If **Devices** shows a pending request (for
example, for a non-official client or mismatched metadata), review its role and
scopes before approving it.

The button is disabled when the current Control UI session does not have
administrator access. Use the CLI approval flow below from the Gateway host in
that case.

### Pair via Telegram

If you use the `device-pair` plugin, you can do first-time device pairing entirely from Telegram:

1. In Telegram, message your bot: `/pair`
2. The bot replies with two messages: an instruction message and a separate **setup code** message (easy to copy/paste in Telegram).
3. On your phone, open the OpenClaw iOS app → Settings → Gateway.
4. Scan the QR code (`/pair qr`) or paste the setup code and connect.
5. The official mobile app connects automatically. If `/pair pending` shows a
   request, review its role and scopes before approving it.

The setup code is a base64-encoded JSON payload that contains:

* `url`: the Gateway WebSocket URL (`ws://...` or `wss://...`)
* `urls`: when available, the ordered LAN/Tailnet routes the mobile app can try
* `bootstrapToken`: a single-use bootstrap token for the initial pairing handshake (expires after 10 minutes; `expiresAtMs` is included in the payload)

Run `/pair cleanup` to invalidate unused setup codes once pairing finishes.

That bootstrap token carries the built-in pairing bootstrap profile:

* the built-in setup profile allows the fresh QR/setup-code baseline only:
  `node` plus a bounded `operator` handoff
* the handed-off `node` token stays `scopes: []`
* the handed-off `operator` token is limited to `operator.approvals`,
  `operator.read`, `operator.talk.secrets`, and `operator.write`
* `operator.admin` is not granted by QR/setup-code bootstrap; it requires a
  separate approved operator pairing or token flow
* later token rotation/revocation remains bounded by both the device's approved
  role contract and the caller session's operator scopes

Treat the setup code like a password while it is valid.

For Tailscale, public, or other remote mobile pairing, use Tailscale Serve/Funnel
or another `wss://` Gateway URL. Plaintext `ws://` setup codes are accepted only
for loopback, private LAN addresses, `.local` Bonjour hosts, and the Android
emulator host. Tailnet CGNAT addresses, `.ts.net` names, and public hosts still
fail closed before QR/setup-code issuance.

For `gateway.bind=lan` setup URLs, OpenClaw detects persistent Tailscale Serve
HTTPS roots that proxy the active Gateway's loopback port and advertises them
alongside the LAN route. Specific-interface `custom` and `tailnet` binds do not
receive that fallback because a loopback Serve proxy cannot reach those
listeners. The iOS app probes the advertised routes in order and saves the first
reachable endpoint.

### Approve a node device

```bash theme={"theme":{"light":"min-light","dark":"min-dark"}}
openclaw devices list
openclaw devices approve <requestId>
openclaw devices reject <requestId>
```

When an explicit approval is denied because the approving paired-device session
was opened with pairing-only scope, the CLI retries the same request with
`operator.admin`. This lets an existing admin-capable paired device recover a new
Control UI/browser pairing without editing `devices/paired.json` by hand. The
Gateway still validates the retried connection; tokens that cannot authenticate
with `operator.admin` remain blocked.

If the same device retries with different auth details (for example different
role/scopes/public key), the previous pending request is superseded and a new
`requestId` is created.

<Note>
  An already paired device does not get broader access silently. If it reconnects asking for more scopes or a broader role, OpenClaw keeps the existing approval as-is and creates a fresh pending upgrade request. Use `openclaw devices list` to compare the currently approved access with the newly requested access before you approve.
</Note>

### Optional trusted-CIDR node auto-approve

Device pairing remains manual by default. For tightly controlled node networks,
you can opt in to first-time node auto-approval with explicit CIDRs or exact IPs:

```json5 theme={"theme":{"light":"min-light","dark":"min-dark"}}
{
  gateway: {
    nodes: {
      pairing: {
        autoApproveCidrs: ["192.168.1.0/24"],
      },
    },
  },
}
```

This only applies to fresh `role: node` pairing requests with no requested
scopes. Operator, browser, Control UI, and WebChat clients still require manual
approval. Role, scope, metadata, and public-key changes still require manual
approval.

### Node pairing state storage

Stored under `~/.openclaw/devices/`:

* `pending.json` (short-lived; pending requests expire after 5 minutes)
* `paired.json` (paired devices + tokens)

### Notes

* The legacy `node.pair.*` API (CLI: `openclaw nodes pending|approve|reject|remove|rename`) is a
  separate gateway-owned pairing store. WS nodes still require device pairing.
* The pairing record is the durable source of truth for approved roles. Active
  device tokens stay bounded to that approved role set; a stray token entry
  outside the approved roles does not create new access.

## Related docs

* Security model + prompt injection: [Security](/gateway/security)
* Updating safely (run doctor): [Updating](/install/updating)
* Channel configs:
  * Telegram: [Telegram](/channels/telegram)
  * WhatsApp: [WhatsApp](/channels/whatsapp)
  * Signal: [Signal](/channels/signal)
  * iMessage: [iMessage](/channels/imessage)
  * Discord: [Discord](/channels/discord)
  * Slack: [Slack](/channels/slack)