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Which credential a Codex turn uses, and what the app-server child process inherits. Part of the Codex harness reference; Where each section moved lists every section.

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Auth and environment isolation

In the default per-agent home, stdio launches use Codex’s ephemeral credential store, including custom commands selected by appServer.command or OPENCLAW_CODEX_APP_SERVER_BIN. Command wrappers must forward Codex’s -c configuration arguments. For stdio launches with an explicit app-server subcommand, OpenClaw groups -c / --config overrides before that subcommand, preserving their order and leaving wrapper prefixes and other arguments in place. This prevents Codex from dropping earlier overrides when flags appear on both sides of app-server. OpenClaw’s ephemeral credential-store override remains last when OpenClaw owns auth; native user-home auth is unchanged. Workspace-write turns also preserve explicit sandbox_workspace_write temporary root exclusions from these arguments, including attached -ckey=value flags and TOML comments after boolean values. The last explicit value wins. Explicit turn sandbox policies and network-proxy permission profiles keep their existing precedence. OpenClaw supplies auth in this order:
  1. An explicit or ordered OpenClaw auth profile for the agent.
  2. For an API-key route only, a prepared key or local stdio fallback from CODEX_API_KEY, then OPENAI_API_KEY.
The app-server does not read an existing codex-home/auth.json in this mode. Import that file explicitly as described below. Set appServer.homeScope: "user" only when the app-server should instead own and use the operator’s native Codex account. No credential file is written in this mode, in either home. A subscription profile is handed over as an account/login/start request of type chatgptAuthTokens, which Codex installs as in-memory external auth rather than persisting; the ephemeral credential store covers the API-key login, which would otherwise write CODEX_HOME/auth.json. Token refresh is inverted so the long-lived secret never leaves OpenClaw. Codex holds only a short-lived access token, and on an unauthorized response it sends an account/chatgptAuthTokens/refresh request back to OpenClaw over the same connection. OpenClaw refreshes against its own auth profile store and returns a fresh access token, so the refresh token stays in SQLite. A refresh that does not answer within the app-server’s timeout fails that turn rather than falling back to another credential. A failed refresh retires the shared client from reuse; existing leases drain, and the next request starts a fresh client. If the workspace changed, retry the request. If credentials cannot refresh, sign in again with openclaw models auth login --provider openai and select that profile. Shared clients recheck the selected profile before reuse so changing accounts under the same profile ID also selects a new client. When OpenClaw sees a ChatGPT subscription-style Codex auth profile (OAuth or token credential type), it removes CODEX_API_KEY and OPENAI_API_KEY from the spawned Codex child process. That keeps Gateway-level API keys available for embeddings or direct OpenAI models without making native Codex app-server turns bill through the API by accident. Explicit Codex API-key profiles and local stdio env-key fallback use app-server login instead of inherited child-process env. WebSocket app-server connections do not receive Gateway env API-key fallback; use an explicit auth profile or the remote app-server’s own account. Stdio app-server launches inherit OpenClaw’s process environment by default. OpenClaw owns the Codex app-server account bridge and sets CODEX_HOME to a per-agent directory under that agent’s OpenClaw state. That keeps Codex config, accounts, plugin cache/data, and thread state scoped to the OpenClaw agent instead of leaking in from the operator’s personal ~/.codex home. Set appServer.homeScope: "user" to share native Codex state with Codex Desktop and the CLI. This local user-home mode supports managed stdio and explicit Unix transport. It uses $CODEX_HOME when set and ~/.codex otherwise, including native auth, config, plugins, and threads. OpenClaw skips its auth-profile bridge for the app-server. Verified owner turns can use codex_threads to list (with an optional search filter), read, fork, rename, archive, and unarchive those threads. Fork a thread before continuing it in OpenClaw; independent Codex processes do not coordinate concurrent writers for the same thread. That homeScope opt-in applies to ordinary harness sessions. Hosted web search and settled-turn finalization use private temporary homes and OpenClaw auth even when ordinary sessions share the user home. A Chat created through Codex Sessions uses its private supervision connection instead, which preserves the native connection’s auth and provider configuration for the canonical branch and future resumes. If that supervised turn finishes tool work without a final answer, OpenClaw does not borrow host credentials to generate one. It delivers the settled-tool fallback without repeating completed actions. In a model-locked supervised Chat, codex_threads cannot attach a different fork or archive the Chat’s bound native thread. List and metadata-only read remain available. Raw transcript reads require allowRawTranscripts; when it is disabled, list search is also rejected because native search can match transcript previews. Rename, unarchive, detached fork, and archive of an unrelated thread not owned by another OpenClaw Chat require allowWriteControls. Neither option bypasses a locked binding. OpenClaw does not rewrite HOME for normal local app-server launches. Codex-run subprocesses such as openclaw, gh, git, cloud CLIs, and shell commands see the normal process home and can find user-home config and tokens. Codex may also discover $HOME/.agents/skills and $HOME/.agents/plugins/marketplace.json; that .agents discovery is intentionally shared with the operator home and is separate from isolated ~/.codex state. In the default agent scope, OpenClaw plugins and OpenClaw skill snapshots still flow through OpenClaw’s own plugin registry and skill loader; personal Codex ~/.codex assets do not. If you have useful Codex CLI skills or plugins from a Codex home that should become part of an isolated OpenClaw agent, inventory them explicitly:
Credentials need the sensitive migration path because the default agent scope does not consume a copied or mounted codex-home/auth.json directly. Replace <agent-id> with the configured agent that owns this Codex home:
If a deployment needs additional environment isolation, add those variables to appServer.clearEnv:
appServer.clearEnv only affects the spawned Codex app-server child process. OpenClaw removes CODEX_HOME and HOME from this list during local launch normalization: CODEX_HOME stays pointed at the selected agent or user scope, and HOME stays inherited so subprocesses can use normal user-home state.