Ollama troubleshooting

WSL2 crash loop (repeated reboots)

On WSL2 with NVIDIA/CUDA, the official Ollama Linux installer creates an ollama.service systemd unit with Restart=always. If that service autostarts and loads a GPU-backed model during WSL2 boot, Ollama can pin host memory while loading; Hyper-V memory reclaim cannot always reclaim those pages, so Windows can terminate the WSL2 VM, systemd restarts Ollama, and the loop repeats.Evidence: repeated WSL2 reboots/terminations, high CPU in app.slice or ollama.service right after WSL2 startup, and SIGTERM from systemd rather than the Linux OOM killer.OpenClaw logs a startup warning when it detects WSL2, ollama.service enabled with Restart=always, and visible CUDA markers.Mitigation:

sudo systemctl disable ollama

On the Windows side, add this to %USERPROFILE%\.wslconfig, then run wsl --shutdown:

[experimental]
autoMemoryReclaim=disabled

Or shorten keep-alive / start Ollama manually only when needed:

export OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE=5m
ollama serve

See ollama/ollama#11317.

Ollama not detected

Confirm Ollama is running and is in the agent’s model scope. For ambient localhost discovery, set OLLAMA_API_KEY (or an auth profile). A nonempty manual model list skips discovery; an explicit self-hosted endpoint with models: [] does not:

ollama serve
curl http://localhost:11434/api/tags

No models available

Pull the model locally, or define it explicitly in models.providers.ollama:

ollama list  # See what's installed
ollama pull gemma4
ollama pull gpt-oss:20b
ollama pull llama3.3     # Or another model

Connection refused

# Check if Ollama is running
ps aux | grep ollama

# Or restart Ollama
ollama serve

Remote host works with curl but not OpenClaw

Verify from the same machine and runtime that runs the Gateway:

openclaw gateway status --deep
curl http://ollama-host:11434/api/tags

Common causes:

baseUrl points at localhost, but the Gateway runs in Docker or on another host.
The URL uses /v1, selecting OpenAI-compatible behavior instead of native Ollama.
The remote host needs firewall or LAN binding changes.
The model is on your laptop’s daemon but not the remote one.

Model outputs tool JSON as text

Usually the provider is in OpenAI-compatible mode, or the model cannot handle tool schemas. Prefer native mode:

{
  models: {
    providers: {
      ollama: {
        baseUrl: "http://ollama-host:11434",
        api: "ollama",
      },
    },
  },
}

If a small local model still fails on tool schemas, set compat.supportsTools: false on that model entry and retest.

Kimi or GLM returns garbled symbols

Hosted Kimi/GLM responses that are long, non-linguistic symbol runs are treated as a failed provider call rather than a successful reply, so normal retry/fallback/error handling takes over instead of persisting corrupted text into the session.If it recurs, capture the model name, the current session file, and whether the run used Cloud + Local or Cloud only, then try a fresh session and a fallback model:

openclaw infer model run --model ollama/kimi-k2.5:cloud --prompt "Reply with exactly: ok" --json
openclaw models set ollama/gemma4

Cold local model times out

Large local models can need a long first load. Scope the timeout to the Ollama provider and optionally keep the model loaded between turns:

{
  models: {
    providers: {
      ollama: {
        timeoutSeconds: 300,
        models: [
          {
            id: "gemma4:26b",
            name: "gemma4:26b",
            params: { keep_alive: "15m" },
          },
        ],
      },
    },
  },
}

If the host itself is slow to accept connections, timeoutSeconds also extends the guarded connect timeout for this provider.

Large-context model is too slow or runs out of memory

Many models advertise contexts larger than your hardware can run comfortably. Native requests forward the effective contextTokens unless params.num_ctx overrides it. Cap both OpenClaw’s budget and Ollama’s request context for predictable first-token latency:

{
  models: {
    providers: {
      ollama: {
        maxTokens: 8192,
        models: [
          {
            id: "qwen3.5:9b",
            name: "qwen3.5:9b",
            contextTokens: 32768,
            params: { num_ctx: 32768, thinking: false },
          },
        ],
      },
    },
  },
}

Lower the model entry’s contextTokens if OpenClaw sends too much prompt. Lower params.num_ctx if Ollama’s runtime context is too large for the machine. Lower maxTokens if generation runs too long.

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