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常设指令会向你的智能体授予针对已定义程序的永久操作权限。你不必每次都给出单个任务说明,而是定义具有明确范围、触发条件和升级规则的程序,智能体会在这些边界内自主执行。 这相当于每周五都告诉你的助手“发送周报”,与授予常设权限之间的区别:“你负责周报。每周五编写并发送它,只有在发现异常时才升级处理。”

为什么需要常设指令

没有常设指令时:
  • 你必须为每个任务提示智能体
  • 智能体在请求之间处于空闲状态
  • 例行工作会被遗忘或延迟
  • 你会成为瓶颈
有常设指令时:
  • 智能体会在已定义边界内自主执行
  • 例行工作会按计划自动完成,无需提示
  • 你只需介入异常和审批
  • 智能体会高效利用空闲时间

工作方式

常设指令定义在你的 Agent 工作区文件中。推荐做法是直接放入 AGENTS.md(每个会话都会自动注入)中,这样智能体始终能在上下文中获得它们。对于更大的配置,你也可以把它们放在专用文件中,例如 standing-orders.md,并从 AGENTS.md 引用它。 每个程序指定:
  1. 范围 - 智能体被授权执行的内容
  2. 触发条件 - 何时执行(计划、事件或条件)
  3. 审批门禁 - 执行前需要人工签核的内容
  4. 升级规则 - 何时停止并请求帮助
智能体会通过工作区引导文件在每个会话中加载这些指令(完整的自动注入文件列表见 Agent 工作区),并结合用于基于时间强制执行的 cron 作业 按这些指令执行。
将常设指令放在 AGENTS.md 中,以保证每个会话都会加载它们。工作区引导会自动注入 AGENTS.mdSOUL.mdTOOLS.mdIDENTITY.mdUSER.mdHEARTBEAT.mdBOOTSTRAP.mdMEMORY.md,但不会注入子目录中的任意文件。

常设指令的结构

## Program: Weekly Status Report

**Authority:** Compile data, generate report, deliver to stakeholders
**Trigger:** Every Friday at 4 PM (enforced via cron job)
**Approval gate:** None for standard reports. Flag anomalies for human review.
**Escalation:** If data source is unavailable or metrics look unusual (>2σ from norm)

### Execution steps

1. Pull metrics from configured sources
2. Compare to prior week and targets
3. Generate report in Reports/weekly/YYYY-MM-DD.md
4. Deliver summary via configured channel
5. Log completion to Agent/Logs/

### What NOT to do

- Do not send reports to external parties
- Do not modify source data
- Do not skip delivery if metrics look bad - report accurately

常设指令加 cron 作业

常设指令定义智能体被授权执行的内容Cron 作业定义它发生的时间。它们协同工作:
Standing Order: "You own the daily inbox triage"

Cron Job (8 AM daily): "Execute inbox triage per standing orders"

Agent: Reads standing orders → executes steps → reports results
cron 作业提示应引用常设指令,而不是复制它:
openclaw cron add \
  --name daily-inbox-triage \
  --cron "0 8 * * 1-5" \
  --tz America/New_York \
  --timeout-seconds 300 \
  --announce \
  --channel imessage \
  --to "+1XXXXXXXXXX" \
  --message "Execute daily inbox triage per standing orders. Check mail for new alerts. Parse, categorize, and persist each item. Report summary to owner. Escalate unknowns."

示例

示例 1:内容和社交媒体(每周周期)

## Program: Content & Social Media

**Authority:** Draft content, schedule posts, compile engagement reports
**Approval gate:** All posts require owner review for first 30 days, then standing approval
**Trigger:** Weekly cycle (Monday review → mid-week drafts → Friday brief)

### Weekly cycle

- **Monday:** Review platform metrics and audience engagement
- **Tuesday-Thursday:** Draft social posts, create blog content
- **Friday:** Compile weekly marketing brief → deliver to owner

### Content rules

- Voice must match the brand (see SOUL.md or brand voice guide)
- Never identify as AI in public-facing content
- Include metrics when available
- Focus on value to audience, not self-promotion

示例 2:财务运营(事件触发)

## Program: Financial Processing

**Authority:** Process transaction data, generate reports, send summaries
**Approval gate:** None for analysis. Recommendations require owner approval.
**Trigger:** New data file detected OR scheduled monthly cycle

### When new data arrives

1. Detect new file in designated input directory
2. Parse and categorize all transactions
3. Compare against budget targets
4. Flag: unusual items, threshold breaches, new recurring charges
5. Generate report in designated output directory
6. Deliver summary to owner via configured channel

### Escalation rules

- Single item > $500: immediate alert
- Category > budget by 20%: flag in report
- Unrecognizable transaction: ask owner for categorization
- Failed processing after 2 retries: report failure, do not guess

示例 3:监控和警报(持续)

## Program: System Monitoring

**Authority:** Check system health, restart services, send alerts
**Approval gate:** Restart services automatically. Escalate if restart fails twice.
**Trigger:** Every heartbeat cycle

### Checks

- Service health endpoints responding
- Disk space above threshold
- Pending tasks not stale (>24 hours)
- Delivery channels operational

### Response matrix

| Condition        | Action                   | Escalate?                |
| ---------------- | ------------------------ | ------------------------ |
| Service down     | Restart automatically    | Only if restart fails 2x |
| Disk space < 10% | Alert owner              | Yes                      |
| Stale task > 24h | Remind owner             | No                       |
| Channel offline  | Log and retry next cycle | If offline > 2 hours     |

执行-验证-报告模式

常设指令与严格的执行纪律结合时效果最好。常设指令中的每个任务都应遵循这个循环:
  1. 执行 - 完成实际工作(不要只是确认收到指令)
  2. 验证 - 确认结果正确(文件存在、消息已送达、数据已解析)
  3. 报告 - 告诉所有者完成了什么以及验证了什么
### Execution rules

- Every task follows Execute-Verify-Report. No exceptions.
- "I'll do that" is not execution. Do it, then report.
- "Done" without verification is not acceptable. Prove it.
- If execution fails: retry once with adjusted approach.
- If still fails: report failure with diagnosis. Never silently fail.
- Never retry indefinitely - 3 attempts max, then escalate.
这种模式可以避免最常见的智能体失败模式:确认了任务却没有完成它。

多程序架构

对于管理多个关注点的智能体,将常设指令组织为边界清晰的独立程序:
## Program 1: [Domain A] (Weekly)

...

## Program 2: [Domain B] (Monthly + On-Demand)

...

## Program 3: [Domain C] (As-Needed)

...

## Escalation Rules (All Programs)

- [Common escalation criteria]
- [Approval gates that apply across programs]
每个程序都应具有:
  • 自己的触发节奏(每周、每月、事件驱动、持续)
  • 自己的审批门禁(有些程序比其他程序需要更多监督)
  • 清晰的边界(智能体应知道一个程序在哪里结束,另一个程序从哪里开始)

最佳实践

应该做

  • 从较窄的权限开始,并随着信任建立逐步扩展
  • 为高风险操作定义明确的审批门禁
  • 包含“不要做什么”部分,边界和权限同样重要
  • 结合 cron 作业实现可靠的基于时间的执行
  • 每周审查智能体日志,以验证常设指令正在被遵循
  • 随着需求变化更新常设指令,它们是持续演进的文档

避免

  • 第一天就授予广泛权限(“做你认为最好的事”)
  • 跳过升级规则,每个程序都需要“何时停止并询问”的条款
  • 假设智能体会记住口头指令,把所有内容都写入文件
  • 在单个程序中混合关注点,为不同领域拆分独立程序
  • 忘记用 cron 作业强制执行,没有触发条件的常设指令会变成建议

相关内容

  • 自动化:一览所有自动化机制。
  • Cron 作业:用于常设指令的计划强制执行。
  • Hooks:用于智能体生命周期事件的事件驱动脚本。
  • Webhooks:入站 HTTP 事件触发器。
  • Agent 工作区:常设指令的存放位置,包括完整的自动注入引导文件列表(AGENTS.mdSOUL.md 等)。